Background: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has been shown to result in less lung injury. HFOV is also used in critically ill newborns when conventional mechanical ventilation (CV) fails, especially in units with lack of nitric oxide (NO) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Objectives: There are no recent data on the response of newborns to rescue HFOV (rHFOV) in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors that affect the response to rHFOV in newborns who had CV Failure in respiratory support. Methods: Newborns who still had a respiratory Failure in case of CV and switched to rHFOV were grouped as survived and died. The characteristics of the patients such as birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), and disease, in addition to ventilator settings, arterial blood gas analysis, ventilation duration, and side effects were compared between the groups. Results: 84 patients with a mean GA of 32. 1  5. 3 weeks and a mean BW of 1901  1135 g were enrolled in the study. The patients were switched to rHFOV at median 28. 5 hours of life. Infants who died had lower BW (1345 935 g vs. 2557 1035 g, P = 0. 0001) and lower GA (31. 7  4. 9 weeks vs. 34. 8  4. 4 weeks, P = 0. 03) in comparison with infants who survived. Prematurity (OR: 7. 73, 95% CI: 2. 1-24. 7, P = 0. 001) and having BW < 1500 g (OR: 7. 02, 95% CI: 2. 6-18. 6, P < 0. 001) increased mortality significantly. Cut-off values for BW and GA were found to be 1875 g and 32. 5 weeks with 75% sensitivity and 78% specificity. There were no differences in the initial ventilation settings between the groups and no correlation between the side effects such as intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia could be demonstrated with the duration of rHFOV. Conclusions: rHFOV in case of CV Failure is more effective in patients with greater GA andBW, independent of the disease and initial rescue ventilator settings.

Background: Organizational characteristics are the main concerns of nursing practice in acute care settings. The present study aimed to assess the organizational factors associated with nurses’ competence in averting Failure to rescue (FTR) in acute care settings. Methods: This was a descriptive and correlational study. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect the necessary data from the study respondents. In total, 173 of the 204 eligible registered nurses providing sudden, urgent, and emergency direct care to patients in the identified acute care settings of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital in Sagamu City, Nigeria participated in this study. A self-structured 38-item questionnaire, including 4 parts (demographic characteristics, knowledge on FTR, competence in averting FTR, & organizational factors) was employed for data collection. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS V. 22 using descriptive statistics (i. e. frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation, & tables) as well as Spearman’ s Rho correlation to test the hypotheses based on the assumptions that the variables were measured on an ordinal scale at P<0. 05. Results: Most nurses presented a high level of knowledge regarding FTR with a mean score of 5. 91. Besides, they were moderately competent in averting FTR with a mean score of 29. 3. A significant correlation was also detected between organizational characteristics and the studied nurses’ level of competence in averting FTR (P=0. 026). Conclusion: The present study data revealed that FTR could be reduced in acute care settings by the modification of organizational factors.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in case of treatment Failure with laser photocoagulation in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: A retrospective review of infants treated with IVB injection due to treatment Failure with laser photocoagulation was performed. The anatomical results and complications were evaluated after treatment. Results: 9 eyes of 6 premature infants with a mean gestational age of 26. 8 ± 3. 0 weeks (range, 23e32 w) and mean birth weight of 958 ± 319 g (range, 600e1400 g) were identified. Six of the eyes had zone 1 disease, and all of these eyes were classified as aggressive posterior ROP (APROP). Three of the eyes had zone 2 disease, and one of these eyes was classified as APROP, and the other two eyes were classified as highrisk pre-threshold disease. All of the eyes showed regression of the disease except one patient, both eyes of whom progressed to stage 4A. None of the patients developed ocular and systemic complications at the end of the six-month follow-up period. Conclusion: IVB could be an option in patients with ROP in whom laser photocoagulation failed.